Gothic architecture was largely replaced by neo-classicist architecture (which favored round shapes and harmony over the extremes of the Gothic) during the Renaissance (a period of intensive scientific and philosophical enlightenment in Europe), which would arrive in France soon after the years in which the novel is set. The cathedral is an example of Gothic architecture (recognizable by its pointed spires, great height, and decorative gargoyles), which was popular during the medieval period. Hugo’s novel was written in the 1800s but is set during the medieval period (specifically the 1400s), when Notre Dame was still relatively new. The novel documents the lives of several characters who live in and around Notre Dame, including Quasimodo, the titular “hunchback” who lives in isolation in the cathedral.
The Gothic cathedral of Notre Dame, in Paris, is a central motif in Victor Hugo’s novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame.
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